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Tutorial on HEC-HMS: Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modelling System Introduction: HEC-HMS, developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is a robust software for hydraulic modeling of river and floodplain systems. In this tutorial, we’ll cover the step-by-step process of setting up a project, defining basin components, importing GIS data, and performing a simulation run. The primary objective is to equip users with the foundational knowledge needed to analyze river systems and derive critical information for dam break analysis. ...

1. Sediment Concentration ((C)): Sediment concentration is a measure of the amount of sediment present in water, typically expressed in terms of mass per unit volume. It is commonly denoted in units of milligrams per liter (mg/L) or parts per million (ppm). The sediment concentration ((C)) can be calculated using the formula: C = m/v where: ( C ) is the sediment concentration (mg/L or ppm), ( m ) is the mass of sediment (in milligrams), ( V ) is the volume of water (in liters). 2. Sediment Load ((SSL)): Sediment load represents the total quantity of sediment transported by a river or stream over a specific period. It is the product of sediment concentration ((C)) and discharge ((Q)) and is typically expressed in mass units. The formula for sediment load is: ...

Evolution of Tamor Storage HydroElectric Project In 1985, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) proposed a substantial 696MW hydroelectric project on the Tamor River, involving the construction of a 153-meter tall dam. However, the government at that time did not express much interest in pursuing the project. Moving ahead to 2012, the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) filed an application with the Department of Electricity Development (DoED) following a study conducted by JICA. The aim was to obtain a survey license for the project. ...

Mr. Bharat Raj Pandey is a senior engineer at Hydro Consult Engineering Limited. Today, he shared valuable lessons in our hydropower engineering class, focusing on hydro headworks design. The initial step involves a topographical survey, requiring a D card from the survey department of Nepal to obtain XYZ coordinates. Control points are established through surveying techniques like triangulation to create a detailed map at a 1:1000 scale. The importance of a detailed map lies in understanding the depth and width needed for foundation work during hydropower headworks construction. Cross-section work, at least 500 meters upstream and downstream, at 20m intervals and 20 meters from the high flood level, is essential for design. Additionally, L-section of the river for about 1 km upstream and downstream of the headworks is crucial. ...

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), formerly known as Millennium Dam and sometimes referred to as Hidese Dam, is a gravity dam situated on the Blue Nile River in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. The primary purpose of this dam is to generate electricity, addressing Ethiopia’s energy shortage and facilitating electricity exports to neighboring countries. The initial planned generation capacity of 5250 MW was later increased to 6450 MW with various adjustments made over time. Construction began in 2011 after the eventual site was identified in the 1950s. The main dam height has been raised to 155m, and the reservoir at Full Supply Level (FSL) covers an area of 1875km². Three spillways, with a combined total discharge volume of 38,500 m³/s, are designed for flood events. ...

Unlocking Nepal’s Hydropower Potential: A Gateway to Cross-Border Energy Trade In a recent webinar hosted by the Nepal Hydropower Association, Sushil Aryal took center stage, shedding light on Nepal’s thriving hydropower sector and the exciting possibilities of cross-border energy trade. As a participant in this enlightening session, here’s an in-depth exploration of the key insights shared and the ensuing discussions that unfolded. Nepal’s Hydropower Landscape: Current State and Future Projections Aryal commenced the presentation by underscoring the substantial progress made by the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA). Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) for new projects have propelled the installed capacity to an impressive 5.4 GW as of 2021. Remarkably, 88% of this capacity is attributed to Run-of-River (ROR) hydropower projects, amounting to 4.76 GW. Aryal projected an even more remarkable future, with the installed capacity expected to reach 6.51 GW by 2025, surpassing double the forecasted demand of 2.95 GW. ...

Reflecting on 2023: A Year of Growth and Resilience 2023 emerged as a pivotal year in my life, marked by a myriad of choices, trade-offs, and compromises. It became a defining moment, propelling me to face challenges, prove my worth, and put in considerable effort. Embracing Opportunities and Academic Pursuits The year commenced with fresh opportunities, leading me to various parts of Nepal to refine my engineering skills. By the end of April, a significant decision awaited me as I joined the Master’s program at Pulchowk Campus. Opting to stay in my home country over moving abroad was a tough compromise, yet one that I made with conviction. ...

Embracing Nepalese Diversity: A Glimpse into Local Cultures and Celebrations In the span of a week, I had the incredible opportunity to immerse myself in the rich history, diverse cultures, and enchanting rituals of the Gurung and Rai/Limbu communities in Nepal. On December 26, 2023, a friend and I embarked on a journey to the pilgrimage site of Kirats at Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal, to witness the festivals of Chasok Tangnam and Udhauli. ...

Department of Energy Development (DoED) Nepal Guideline In accordance with the Guidelines for the Study of Hydropower Projects 2018, the DoED specifies that a compensation flow (10% of the lowest monthly flow or the amount recommended by IEE/EIA study) should be released downstream. This should be deducted from the available dry season flows for the computation of energy estimates. The government of Nepal plans to harness 10,000 MW by 2026 through various projects. To achieve this goal, it is essential to utilize numerous rivers across Nepal, considering environmental considerations and potential impacts. Determining an appropriate environmental flow figure is a challenge, and studies such as those conducted by Suwal et.al (2020) highlight the need for various indicators of hydrological methods to capture the dynamic nature of river flow in e-flows allocation.Lets discuss some hydrological methods. ...

कति आन्दोलन भए यो देशमा, कति विद्रोह भए , कति जनता मारिए परिवर्तन का शब्दहरूमा । यो व्यवस्था त्यो व्यवस्था, राजा, राणा, पंचायत, प्रजातन्त्र , लोकतन्त्र, गणतन्त्र, के के नामका अभ्यास भए यो सानो मुलुकमा , कति चोटि ढातिए, ठगिए सोझा साझा नेपालीहरु । फेरि ढुङ्गेयुग को कुरा चल्दै छ , हो, हाम्रा देश , सीमित स्वार्थी मानिसहरूको कब्जा मा छ, तर लोकतन्त्र अभ्यास आफैमा गलत पक्कै होइन । के राजा लाई मात्र देशको माया लागेको हो र, के राजाले सक्छन् यो देशको प्रगाति गर्न, नेपालको स्वाधीनता जोगाउन , गरिबी हटाउन , रोजगारी बढाउन, देशलाई आतमनिर्भर को मार्गमा डोर्याउन ? एउटा जनता को छोरोले सक्दैन? जपान त्यसै विकास भएको होइन, japanese are very disciplined, hardworking and work for the overall welfare. चीन को communism system हेर्नु होस्, आज चीन विश्व को एक नम्बर देश बन्दै छ, United states हेर्नुहोस्, a simple person can become a billionaire. It’s not about changing a system, it’s about improving the system. No Messiah or Ram will come and bring prosperity in the nation, unless common People are aware, disciplined and they follow rules of law. You have the right to be elected and right to elect. This is freedom. It’s absolutely necessary to refine our system. Mafias, corruption, monopoly, censorship, deceit bureaucracy must resign, be punished/reformed. The rule of law should be implemented. A good reformed democracy, visionary autocratic or wise king, all can bring peace or destruction. ...

Humanity is not a new word; we all know about it. It is a quality a rational thinker possesses which distinguish himself as a kind, a non-harming and loving being. But is it that simple? NO, I don’t think so. Humanity is a complex issue because it involves thoughts and emotions. The word derived from Latin humanitas which means “human nature, kindness”. Some argue Humanity is the human race, while other define qualities such as love, compassion and even creativity, in understanding humanity. So humanity can be taken as a quality that is needed to be a good human. ...

ऊ पानी म आगो, हाम्रो जात मिलेन ऊ भोगी म भोको, हाम्रो साथ मिलेन मेरो आसु मेरो परिचय थियो ऊ खुसीहरुको पर्याय थियो म मासु लुस्ने, ऊ साग रुचाउने संगत कसरी बक्लिन्थ्यो, जब भाग मिलेन म उसमा खोट भेट्थे, आफू भित्र रोग देख्थे उसँग सपना थिए, म निरासाको सिरक भित्रै लुकिरन्थे म ईश्वर खोज्दथे, ऊ ईश्वर देख्दथ्यो ऊ उत्साह, म निरिह, हाम्रो थान मिलेन बाक्लिदै थियो सम्बन्धमा बादल, विश्वासको आकाश छोपिएपछी रंगिदै थियो एउटा बिरामी, मृत्युको एक दिन अगाडि बल्दै थियो किन दियो, निभ्नु अघि त्यति बढी सुक्दै थियो आशाको मुहान, भोगेपछि जिउनुको महँगी ...